Old Houses Are Special: Name this framing defect

Name this framing defect

Insufficient plate lap. The splice at the top horizontal boards should be offset by at least 2 feet. The gap between these plates indicates the possibility of substantial previous movement. This connection could be reinforced using a proper well-nailed steel plate.

When is a window no longer a window?

When is concrete no longer concrete?

Spalling can cause significant damage

Name this roof-framing defect

Name this framing defect